Showing posts with label Zero-sum game. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Zero-sum game. Show all posts

Saturday, December 15, 2012

Chapter 1.3 – The zero-sum dogma and the concept of negativity

Excerpt from the book »Gradido – Natural Economy of Life«

»One day it will have to be officially admitted that what we have christened reality is an even greater ILLUSION than the world of dream.«
  Salvador Dali
Spanish painter, writer and sculptor

Living nature, as we experience it, is always positive. Negative figures are a mathematical concept which enable us to describe complex procedures simply. However, they do not exist in the nature we are able to experience. Or have you ever seen an apple tree on which minus 100 apples were hanging? Definitely not. Everything material that we know exists in a positive amount. Either a positive number of apples is hanging on the tree or no apples at all.

When nature makes new products, for example apples, no negative apples are created on the other side. The apple tree does not have to take out a loan first in order to be able to produce apples. And it does not have to pay any taxes for it. It simply lives intrinsically in harmony with the surrounding nature – that is how creation takes place.

On the other hand, our money is created through debt, as already described. One person’s assets are another’s debts. One person’s credit balance is another’s debit balance or - expressed in mathematical terms – one person’s plus is another’s minus. Assets and debts are balanced overall and together they amount to »zero«. In economics this is known as the law of balance. In gaming theory this is a so-called »zero-sum game«. Behind this is the view of the world that humans themselves have no creative abilities and thus cannot create anything. According to the zero-sum dogma, you have to take away something on one side when you want to add something to another side.

Therefore we take it as a complete matter of course that we have to rob nature to obtain comfort for ourselves, that we have to exploit the Third World countries to obtain prosperity for ourselves – in short, that others have to lose when we want to win.

You will probably not have noticed the zero-sum dogma at all up to now. We meet with it all the time and everywhere in life so that we take it absolutely for granted. The human mind is used to thinking in opposites: right and left, top and bottom, poor and rich, light and dark, dead and alive. The negative numbers were invented for quantifying these opposites, with the number »zero« representing the middle or »normal« state.

Examples of supposed negativity or opposites


For measuring the temperature the zero point was arbitrarily set at the freezing point of water. Positive and negative temperatures were defined in this way. Although this is practical for us in daily life, for we thus mark an important difference for us – »water v. ice« –, in reality the absolute zero point is not reached anywhere. It can only be approached with great effort. The actual freezing point of water is (plus) 273° Kelvin.

The charge of electrons has been arbitrarily defined as negative. The minus pole in electricity in reality describes a surplus of electrons which is striving for equilibrium.

Day and night are felt to be opposites. However, they are only the two sides of our earth. Neither is shadow the opposite of light. Shadows are places with less light than the surroundings.

It is suggested to us that we live in a world of opposites. However, thinking in opposites is only a method for our mind to establish differences. 

What is the biological difference between an African and a European? The main point is only the colour of their skin. These two human races must be 99.99 % the same. But the human mind picks out the small difference of 0.01%  to construct an opposite and – even worse – to educe racial conflicts from it.

How great is the difference between the two Christian confessions in reality? Probably not greater than 0.01% either. Nevertheless religious wars were waged because of it and countless people burnt alive.

People of different religions, convictions and political views are still human beings. The difference between them will not even approximate the 0.01% mark.

Our mind is an extremely precise instrument when it comes to recognising the finest differences. However, we recognise commonalities better with our hearts. “It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye”, as Saint-Exupéry’s Little Prince says.

Could it be that we need to bring more heart into our economy if we want to promote the common interests of human beings and nature in a sustainable way?

  • The zero-sum dogma is contrary to nature. It leads to robbing, exploiting and fighting.
  • Living nature as we experience it is always positive.
  • The mind perceives differences, the heart commonalities.
  • We need a monetary and economic system in which heart and mind complement each other symbiotically.



Thursday, October 11, 2012

Chapter 3.10 – Freedom from taxes and compulsory insurances

Excerpt from the book »Gradido – Natural Economy of Life« 

»Are there any other advantages?«
»There are no more compulsory levies such as taxes, contributions to medical insurance or pension insurance…« 
– Joytopia

At a time when tax increases and the rocketing cost of the health service are constantly being talked about it is hard to imagine that the Natural Economy of Life works entirely without compulsory levies. The gradido model provides a perfect health service and perfect social services entirely without medical insurance, pension insurance, nursing care insurance or other levies which governments think up nowadays. And on top of that it is tax-free.

The word »freedom« has several meanings in our language. One is free of charge, without payment, donated, in the meaning of »free like free beer«. Another is freely available or, accessible for everyone like free knowledge or free software. Some other meanings  refer to freedom of humans or animals. Freedom can also mean freedom from burdens, for example »free of anxiety« or »tax-free«, or freedom from restrictions.


»Happy slaves are the bitterest enemies of freedom.«
– Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach,
Austrian writer

Freedom that we do not know sometimes makes us afraid. »Where would it lead to if everyone was free to do what they liked?« Thus seen, freedom from tax and freedom from levies are delicate subjects for they stir our primal fears. It is mainly the fear of the unknown that makes us hesitate. Freedom entails the risk of losing one’s supposed security.

Everything we have learnt so far about the Natural Economy of Life clearly shows us that freedom and security do not have to be opposites. They are only in opposition in the old system as the latter works according to the zero-sum principle. But the old system has come to an end. If we continue with it, we will not experience either freedom or security but the demise of humankind.

Many old oppositions vanish in the Natural Economy of Life. It enables us to have maximal security with maximal freedom. It frees us from taxes and levies and provides us with the security of optimal health and social services and with a functioning state which understands itself as the community of all citizens and therefore represents their interests.

This freedom is only made possible by the cycle of life – the cycle of growth and decay. It enables the government to create money without causing inflation. By voluntarily respecting natural laws and integrating them into the gradido model we win both security and freedom.